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Encapsulation is a fundamental principle of object-oriented programming (OOP) that promotes code organization, maintainability, and data integrity. In Python, encapsulation allows developers to bundle data and methods into self-contained units called classes, making it easier to manage and modify code as projects grow in complexity.
In this article, we’ll explore best practices for encapsulation in Python, covering topics such as private attributes, getter and setter methods, and property decorators.
Private Attributes: Securing Your Data
One of the core concepts of encapsulation is data hiding, which involves restricting direct access to an object’s internal state. In Python, you can achieve this by prefixing an attribute name with a single underscore (_).
While this doesn't technically make the attribute private (as Python doesn't have true private attributes), it serves as a convention indicating that the attribute should be accessed through the class's public interface.
class BankAccount:
def __init__(self, owner, balance)…
