Abstraction and encapsulation are two fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP) that help developers write clean, modular, and maintainable code. In Python, these principles are essential for creating robust and scalable applications.
In this article, we’ll explore what abstraction and encapsulation are, why they matter, and how to apply them effectively in your Python projects.
Abstraction: Hiding Complexity
Abstraction is the process of hiding unnecessary details and exposing only the essential features of an object or system. It allows you to focus on the relevant aspects of a problem while ignoring the underlying complexities. In Python, abstraction is achieved through classes and methods. Consider a simple example of a Car class:
class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model):
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.fuel_tank = 0
self.odometer = 0
def fill_tank(self, amount):
self.fuel_tank += amount
def drive(self, distance):
if self.fuel_tank >= distance:
self.fuel_tank -= distance
self.odometer += distance
else…